Sterilization of microwave equipment in food

　　Physical sterilization:

　　(a) thermal sterilization:

　　1, dry heat sterilization: it is the use of flame or hot air sterilization, mostly used in appliances and utensils

　　2, sterilization: (1) autoclaving with saturated steam exhaust air after sterilization under certain temperature and pressure. The corresponding water vapor pressure and temperature are as follows: 20.594 (kPa) -105.7 C 34.3233-108.8 C 41.1879-110.3 C 68.6466-115.5 C 75.1121-116.8 C 96.1052-120.2 C (2). The flow of steam sterilization method and boiling sterilization: 100 degrees, suitable for high temperature resistant agent.

　　(3) low temperature intermittent sterilization method: heating at 80 DEG C for 1 hours, placed under the temperature of 20 to 25 DEG C for more than three hours, which is suitable for the heat resistant agent, and the sterilization effect is poor．

　　(two) filtration sterilization:

　　1, vertical melting glass filter: the international standard for P250 ~ P2, filtration particles from large to small.P2 can be filtered Escherichia coli and 　Staphylococcus aureus．

　　2, China: microporous membrane of cellulose acetate membrane, mixed cellulose ester membrane or cellulose nitrate ester and cellulose acetate. Characteristics: resistance to 120 DEG C for 30 minutes sterilization; no scaling; no alkali; not resistant to organic solvents; flammable. Aperture 5.086m injection for initial filter, 0.886m 0.4586m filter can be used for filtration. To most bacteria, 0.1586m can filter out the pyrogen.

　　(three) UV sterilization: wavelength of 200 ~ 300nm, easy to penetrate the clean water and air for air and surface sterilization. The effective use of ultraviolet lamp generally for a period of 3000 hours. The time of UV irradiation on microbial killing rate table: exposure time (hours) killing rate (%) of Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus Salmonella typhi 33.5 30.6 19.9 1.0424341 35.6 yeast 0.533 1.5655859 43.8 2.0868082 69.5 2.5100 95.5 96.380 3.0100100 90.6 4.099 5.0100．

　　(four) microwave sterilization method: the electromagnetic wave is from 300 to 3000 MHz, and the water can absorb the microwave strongly, so that the polar molecule can be rotated to produce heat．

　　(five) radiation sterilization and ionizing radiation, is the use of 8082 ray or 85- ray irradiation. The former -60 -137 issued by cobalt or cesium, strong penetration; the latter generated by electron accelerator charge, weak penetration sterilization effect is poor. For radiation, no spore bacteria than sensitive 　　Bacillus no more; sensitive gram negative bacteria bacillus than positive bacteria and virus; sensitivity is poor. In addition, some drugs can cause radiation pH value, content, activity and other changes, some products should not be used.

　　Two, the chemical sterilization method: generally spray (FOG), evaporation and other methods of sterilization．

　　(a) oxirane ether like odor: colorless gas, the boiling point of 10.8 DEG C below the boiling point of a colorless transparent liquid, soluble in water. The proportion of 0.882, diffusion penetration ability, is a broad-spectrum fungicide. For drugs, heat sensitive plastics, rubber, leather, leather, paper and small glass sterilization wait.

　　(two) peracetic acid: colorless transparent liquid, pungent odor and acetic acid, volatile, corrosive. Soluble in water, ethanol, ethyl ether, acetic acid can slow decomposition, rapid decomposition could explode. But the solution is not less than 40%. This product is quick, efficient, broad-spectrum, low toxicity 0.5%, a solution for the air (spray 30ml/m3), instruments and skin disinfection, prepared before using.

　　The other 1 (three): phenol (Shi Tansuan),:3 ~ 5% floor, wall spray. 2, Saponated Cresol Solution (Suhl):5 ~ 100% floor, wall spray. 3, Formaldehyde 　　Solution (formalin):20ml/m3 heating evaporation, 6 ~ 12 hours. 4, lactic acid: 1ml/m3 0.5 ~ 1 small heating evaporation. 5 benzalkonium bromide: 1/1000 1/2000 solution to spray the ground, walls. 6, propylene glycol: 1ml/m3 heating evaporation.

　　Three, air cleaning technology: to ensure product purity, improve yield．

　　(a) general standards for clean rooms: the following table:

　　Clean production area classification (class) level more than 0.586m particles (A / L) for colony number classification．

　　General production area of cleanliness requirements of the production, auxiliary workshop．

　　The control area of >100000 or 300000 <35000 tablets, capsules and other ingredients: grinding, packaging, coating., raw medicine, baking powder, package, zagheh 100000 = 3.500 = 10 bottle washing, filtration membrane assembly, weighing, concentration etc.

　　Clean area 10000 = 350 = 3 sterile API crystallization, drying, sieving raw material powder, mixed powder, dilute, filtration, drug packaging materials for final processing post all or part of 100 less than 3.5 less than 1 infusion, injection filling, filling, stoppering; inoculation Taiwan．

　　(two) clean room management: clean room is to improve and ensure the quality of the mouth of the important facilities, must have strict management and health requirements．

　　1, must make the staff the importance of clean room and the installation of the system is widely understood;

　　2, there should be clean room management, use, and sterilization system;

　　3, women can not use powder, hair spray, nail polish and other cosmetics to reduce pollution sources;

　　4, operators should minimize speech and indoor activities;

　　5, the work clothes should choose not easy to produce static electricity, not easy to fall off the fiber of polyester and nylon fabric;

　　6, regular cleaning and sterilization. Room clean and tidy, regular cleaning walls and equipment, ensure no dust.